Researchers estimate that more than 27 million Americans have thyroid conditions. Thyroid disorders are five to 10 times more common in women than in men, and the symptoms go unrecognized and undiagnosed in half of all cases.* Because the thyroid gland is more likely to act inappropriately when a person's body is experiencing pivotal change – a growth spurt, pregnancy and birth, menopause or aging – women should be especially careful to listen to their bodies at critical life stages.

Why is the tiny, butterfly-shaped thyroid gland so essential to your health? It is responsible for producing a balance of hormones to control every aspect of your metabolism – from your heart rate to the speed at which your body burns calories. The thyroid gland also influences the functioning of many of the body's organs, including the heart, brain, liver, kidneys and skin.

When the thyroid misbehaves, the body's overall well-being is compromised. The good news is that in many cases, thyroid disorders can be diagnosed and treated successfully.

Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones to keep your metabolism in balance. An underactive thyroid is the most common thyroid disorder and is most prevalent in pregnant women and women over age 40.

Symptoms may include unexplained weight gain, sensitivity to cold, elevated blood cholesterol level, depression, dry skin, heavier than normal menstrual periods, hoarseness and muscle weakness. Treatment often involves lifelong daily use of oral medication (a synthetic thyroid hormone).

Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is due to an overactive thyroid, meaning that it produces a higher than normal level of hormones. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate the body’s metabolism by as much as 60% to 100%.

Symptoms may include sudden weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sensitivity to heat, sweating, nervousness, trembling hands, changes in menstrual patterns, insomnia and fatigue. Treatment depends on your age, physical condition and the severity of the condition. Most people respond well once the condition has been diagnosed and treated.

Thyroid Cancer
The American Cancer Society estimates that more than 33,000 people will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2007. Roughly 75% of those diagnosed with the disease are women.** Those most at risk include individuals who received radiation therapy as children or those with a family history of thyroid cancer and chronic swelling of the thyroid.

Early thyroid cancer often has no symptoms. Later symptoms may include a lump in the front of the neck near the Adam's apple, hoarseness, swollen lymph nodes, difficulty swallowing and pain in the throat or neck. Treatment depends on the specific type of thyroid cancer and severity of the disease. It may be treated with surgery, radioactive iodine, hormone treatment, radiation therapy or chemotherapy.

Seek Help
If you experience symptoms associated with thyroid disorders, see your health care provider. A simple TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) blood test and neck examination may identify thyroid disease.